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- Network Working Group W A Simpson
- Internet Draft Daydreamer
- expires in six months March 1993
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- PPP over X.25
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- Status of this Memo
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- This memo is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working Group
- of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments on this memo
- should be submitted to the ietf-ppp@ucdavis.edu mailing list.
-
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts. Internet Drafts are draft
- documents valid for a maximum of six months. Internet Drafts may be
- updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It
- is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to
- cite them other than as a ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.''
- Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
- internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net,
- nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the
- current status of any Internet Draft.
-
- Abstract
-
- The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method of
- encapsulating Network Layer protocol information over point-to-point
- links.
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- This document defines a method for using PPP to transport multi-
- protocol datagrams over X.25 circuits.
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- 1. Introduction
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- PPP has three main components:
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- 1. A method for encapsulating datagrams over serial links.
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- 2. A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for establishing, configuring,
- and testing the data link connection.
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- 3. A family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing
- and configuring different network layer protocols.
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- PPP was designed as a standard method of communicating over point-
- to-point links. Initial deployment has been over short local lines,
- leased lines, and plain-old-telephone-service (POTS) using modems.
- As new packet services and higher speed lines are introduced, PPP is
- easily deployed in these environments as well.
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- One protocol to carry them all.
- One protocol to mind them.
- One protocol to link them all,
- and in the network bind them.
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- PPP was intended to replace X.25. There are still ISO-lated pockets
- of existing X.25 links, and some interest in bringing the advantages
- of the PPP multi-protocol datagram service to this venue. When X.25
- emulates a point-to-point circuit, PPP is well suited to use over
- X.25.
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- 2. Encapsulation
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- PPP provides an encapsulation protocol over both bit-oriented
- synchronous links and asynchronous links with 8 bits of data and no
- parity. These links MUST be full-duplex, but MAY be either dedicated
- or circuit-switched. This fits the X.25 model.
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- PPP uses HDLC [2] as a basis for the default encapsulation. X.25 is
- also in the family of HDLC derivatives, and the X.25 header may be
- easily substituted for the smaller HDLC header.
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- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Flag (0x7e) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Address | Control |D|Q| SVC# (hi) | SVC# (lo) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- |p(r) |M|p(s) |0| Pad (0) | PPP Protocol |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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- Unfortunately, the X.25 header is 5 octets in length. Therefore, a
- single octet of zero padding is used to align the header to a more
- convenient boundary. The use of this zero padding is conformant with
- both the ISO Network Layer Protocol Identifier (NLPID) Null Network
- layer, and the PPP protocol field extension mechanism.
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- LCP negotiation MAY permit the Pad and Protocol fields to be
- compressed to a single octet.
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- 3. In-Band Protocol Detection
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- When Out-of-Band signaling is not used to configure call setup for
- the circuit, or the Null encapsulation is indicated, the PPP Protocol
- field may be easily distinguished from other NLPID values. Initial
- LCP packets will contain the sequence 00-c0-21 following the header.
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- Older implementations [3] might contain the NLPID value CC hex.
- Other ISO conformant implementations might contain other NLPID
- values, such as 80 hex (SNAP), or 81 hex (CLNP). Such packets
- indicate that the link is not properly configured for PPP operation,
- and MUST generate a Protocol-Reject.
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- 4. Out-of-Band signaling
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- The first octet in the Call User Data (CUD) Field (the first data
- octet in the Call Request packet) is used for protocol
- demultiplexing, in accordance with the Subsequent Protocol Identifier
- (SPI) in ISO/IEC TR 9577. This field contains a one octet Network
- Layer Protocol Identifier (NLPID), which identifies the network layer
- protocol encapsulated over the X.25 virtual circuit. The CUD field
- MAY contain more than one octet of information, and receivers MUST
- ignore all extraneous octets in the field.
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- The PPP encapsulation SHOULD be indicated by a value of C0 hex. When
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- specifically configured to do so, the implementation MAY also accept
- a value of 00.
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- Other values of the CUD are beyond the scope of this specification.
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- 5. Configuration Details
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- The standard LCP configuration defaults apply to X.25 links.
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- The following Configurations Options are recommended:
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- Magic Number
- Link Quality Monitoring
- Address and Control Field Compression
- Protocol Field Compression
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- A maximum PDU size of 1600 is commonly available. This translates to
- a PPP MRU size of 1598. Since the typical network feeding the link
- is unlikely to have a MRU of greater than 1500, it is not expected to
- be worth the trouble to negotiate a higher MRU.
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- Security Considerations
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- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
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- References
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- [1] Simpson, W. A., "The Point-to-Point Protocol", RFC 1331, May
- 1992.
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- [2] International Organization For Standardization, ISO Standard
- 3309-1979, "Data communication - High-level data link control
- procedures - Frame structure", 1979.
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- [3] Malis, A., Robinson, D., Ullman R., "Multiprotocol Interconnect
- on X.25 and ISDN in the Packet Mode", RFC 1356, August 1992.
-
- Acknowledgments
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- Chair's Address
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- The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
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- Brian Lloyd
- B.P. Lloyd & Associates
- 3420 Sudbury Road
- Cameron Park, California 95682
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- Phone: (916) 676-1147
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- EMail: brian@lloyd.com
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- Author's Address
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- Questions about this memo can also be directed to:
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- William Allen Simpson
- Daydreamer
- Computer Systems Consulting Services
- P O Box 6205
- East Lansing, MI 48826-6205
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- EMail: Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
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- Table of Contents
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- 1. Introduction .......................................... 1
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- 2. Encapsulation ......................................... 1
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- 3. In-Band Protocol Detection ............................ 2
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- 4. Out-of-Band signaling ................................. 2
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- 5. Configuration Details ................................. 3
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- SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ...................................... 4
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- REFERENCES ................................................... 4
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- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. 4
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- CHAIR'S ADDRESS .............................................. 4
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- AUTHOR'S ADDRESS ............................................. 4
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- Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
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